Definition Project-based manufacturing ERP is an industry-specific ERP system designed to manage the operations of manufacturing companies that produce engineered-to-order, make-to-order, or configure-to-order products where each item produced is part of a larger capital project lifecycle—destined for construction, erection, assembly, or installation at a project site. The defining characteristic of project-based manufacturing is that every manufactured element has a project destination. A structural steel beam is not inventory awaiting a customer—it is element B-2034 for Project XYZ, Floor 12, Grid Line C, with specific dimensions, connections, coatings, and a delivery date coordinated with site erection sequence. This project linkage transforms manufacturing from repetitive production into an extension of project delivery. Project-based manufacturing ERP addresses the distinctive characteristics of this sector: Project-linked production: Every manufactured element traces to a specific project, location, and installation sequence—not to inventory or general sales Specification-driven manufacturing: Products are manufactured to exact client specifications derived from project designs, not to standard product specifications Contractual delivery commitments: Production schedules are driven by project milestones and site installation sequences, with contractual implications for delays Design integration requirements: Manufacturing must integrate with design systems—BIM for construction elements, naval architecture packages for marine components, process design for equipment Quality documentation per element: Each manufactured element requires quality documentation traceable to the specific project and installation location Lifecycle continuity: Manufactured elements carry identity from design through fabrication, delivery, installation, and into asset operation Project-based manufacturing encompasses multiple contexts: Offsite construction: Contractors operating fabrication facilities producing structural steel, precast concrete, MEP assemblies, and modular units for their construction projects Shipyard shop fabrication: Yards manufacturing hull blocks, pipe spools, electrical assemblies, and outfitting components for vessel construction Steel service centres: Producing coils, bars, structural sections, and plate to project specifications for construction and industrial projects Precast concrete producers: Manufacturing beams, columns, panels, and specialty elements for building and infrastructure projects MEP fabricators: Producing ductwork, piping systems, electrical assemblies, and mechanical equipment for building services Process equipment fabricators: Manufacturing vessels, exchangers, and equipment for oil and gas, chemical, and industrial facilities Project-based manufacturing ERP is neither standard manufacturing ERP with project coding nor construction ERP with production features. It is a system designed for the intersection where manufacturing execution serves project delivery. Context in Project-Based Industries Project-based manufacturing occupies a critical position within project-based industries—serving as the production engine that supplies construction, shipbuilding, and industrial projects with fabricated elements. The Fundamental Distinction: Classic vs. Project-Based Manufacturing Understanding project-based manufacturing requires distinguishing it from classic discrete manufacturing: Dimension Classic Manufacturing Project-Based Manufacturing Product definition Standard products with fixed specifications Unique elements to project-specific specifications Production trigger Inventory replenishment or forecast Project contract and delivery schedule Customer End user or distributor Project (internal or external) Delivery commitment Available from stock or lead time Specific date coordinated with project schedule Cost accumulation By product for standard costing By project for actual costing Quality documentation By product batch By element with project traceability Design source Internal product engineering External project design (BIM, naval, process) Success measure Unit cost and throughput Project margin and on-time delivery A steel mill producing standard sections for stock is classic manufacturing. A steel fabricator producing beams and columns for a specific building project is project-based manufacturing. The same physical processes—cutting, welding, finishing—serve fundamentally different business models. Industry Segments Project-based manufacturing encompasses multiple segments, each with distinct characteristics: Offsite Construction and Contractor Fabrication Construction contractors increasingly operate fabrication facilities producing elements for their projects: Structural steel fabrication: Beams, columns, connections, trusses fabricated to project drawings Rebar fabrication: Cut and bent reinforcement to project schedules Precast concrete: Beams, columns, panels, specialty elements manufactured in controlled conditions MEP prefabrication: Pipe racks, duct assemblies, electrical rooms assembled offsite Modular construction: Complete building modules manufactured for site assembly Bathroom and utility pods: Finished units ready for installation Offsite construction transfers work from unpredictable site conditions to controlled factory environments, improving quality, productivity, and safety—but requiring systems that coordinate factory production with site installation. Shipyard Shop Fabrication Shipbuilding combines multiple manufacturing operations within the yard: Steel fabrication: Plate cutting, profile cutting, panel fabrication, block assembly Pipe shop: Pipe spools fabricated to isometric drawings, tested, and delivered to outfitting Electrical shop: Cable assemblies, junction boxes, panels prepared for installation HVAC fabrication: Ductwork manufactured to zone requirements Joinery shop: Accommodation furniture and interior elements Each shop produces elements for specific vessels, specific zones, and specific installation stages. Production planning coordinates across shops to support block outfitting and vessel completion sequences. Steel Manufacturing for Projects Steel producers serving project markets manufacture to exact specifications: Structural sections: Beams, columns, channels cut to project lengths Plate products: Cut, formed, and prepared for project requirements Reinforcement: Rebar cut, bent, and bundled to project schedules Coils and sheet: Processed to project specifications for cladding, roofing, or further fabrication These producers must manage project-specific requirements within high-volume production environments, tracking material from mill certification through processing to project delivery. Precast Concrete Manufacturing Precast producers manufacture concrete elements in factory conditions: Structural precast: Beams, columns, double-tees, hollow-core planks Architectural precast: Façade panels, cladding elements, feature pieces Infrastructure precast: Bridge beams, culverts, retaining wall units Specialty precast: Tunnel segments, marine elements, custom structures Each element is designed for a specific project location, cast to project specifications, and delivered for project erection sequences. MEP and Building Services Fabrication Building services elements are increasingly prefabricated: Piping systems: Pipe spools, skids, and assemblies for mechanical systems HVAC components: Ductwork, plenums, and air handling assemblies Electrical assemblies: Switchgear, distribution boards, cable trays Plumbing assemblies: Riser systems, manifolds, fixture carriers Prefabrication improves quality and productivity but requires coordination with building construction sequences. Process Equipment Manufacturing Custom equipment for industrial projects: Pressure vessels: Designed and fabricated to project specifications under code requirements Heat exchangers: Engineered for specific process conditions Tanks and storage: Fabricated for project capacity and material requirements Modular process units: Complete process systems assembled for project installation The Hybrid Operating Reality Project-based manufacturing exemplifies the hybrid nature: Manufacturing logic: Production efficiency, throughput optimisation, quality consistency Project logic: Project-based cost control, milestone delivery, margin management Construction/assembly logic: Coordination with site installation, sequencing, completion Commercial logic: Contract management, progress billing, variation handling The challenge is achieving manufacturing efficiency while maintaining project control—producing elements at competitive cost while ensuring each element reaches the right project at the right time with full quality documentation. Why This Concept Exists Project-based manufacturing ERP exists as a distinct category because neither generic manufacturing ERP nor standard construction ERP can address the requirements of this hybrid sector. Generic manufacturing ERP assumes production for stock. Standard manufacturing ERPs are designed for make-to-stock or repetitive production: Standard products: Products have fixed specifications manufactured repeatedly Inventory-driven: Production replenishes stock; orders consume from inventory Standard costing: Predetermined costs with variance analysis for efficiency Production orders: Generic orders against product specifications Anonymous production: Elements are interchangeable; any unit satisfies demand Project-based manufacturing operates differently: Unique specifications: Each element manufactured to project-specific design Project-driven: Production responds to project contracts and schedules Actual costing: Real costs for unique elements with project margin analysis Project-linked orders: Production orders trace to specific projects and locations Identity throughout: Each element maintains identity from design through installation Manufacturing ERP designed for stock production cannot accommodate project-linked manufacturing. Construction ERP lacks production capability. Standard construction ERP is designed for site-based execution: No production planning for factory operations No shop floor control for manufacturing execution No manufacturing BOM management No work order routing and operation tracking No production scheduling and capacity planning Construction ERP provides project control but cannot manage factory production. The element lifecycle requires traceability. In project-based manufacturing, each element has a lifecycle: DESIGN (BIM/CAD) → SPECIFICATION → PROCUREMENT → FABRICATION → QUALITY/TEST → SHIPPING → SITE RECEIPT → INSTALLATION → ASSET OPERATION Every stage must maintain traceability to the project and specific location. A pipe spool must trace from: Isometric drawing number Material specification and heat numbers Fabrication work order and welder identification Inspection and test records Shipping and delivery documentation Installation location in the facility As-built documentation for operations Generic systems cannot maintain this project-element traceability. Production waste has project consequences. In classic manufacturing, production waste affects unit cost. In project-based manufacturing, waste has additional consequences: Schedule impact: Rework delays project installation Contractual exposure: Late delivery triggers penalties or claims Cascade effects: One late element delays dependent work Project margin: Waste directly erodes specific project profitability Waste reduction is not just efficiency—it is project risk management. Delivery timing is contractually critical. Classic manufacturing optimises for throughput and inventory turns. Project-based manufacturing must deliver: The right element: Exact specifications for project requirements To the right project: Correct project identification and documentation At the right time: Coordinated with project installation sequence In the right sequence: Elements delivered in erection order, not production order Late delivery does not merely affect customer satisfaction—it affects project liquidated damages, site productivity, and contractual claims. Design System Integration A critical differentiator of project-based manufacturing ERP is integration with design systems. Just as construction ERP integrates with BIM and shipbuilding ERP integrates with naval architecture packages, project-based manufacturing ERP must connect to the design systems that define what is manufactured. The Design-Manufacturing Link In project-based manufacturing, design drives production: DESIGN SYSTEM MANUFACTURING ERP │ │ ▼ │ Project Design ──────────────────────► Element Specifications │ │ ▼ │ Detail Drawings ─────────────────────► BOMs and Routings │ │ ▼ │ Material Specifications ─────────────► Procurement Requirements │ │ ▼ │ Fabrication Details ─────────────────► Work Instructions │ │ ▼ │ Installation Sequence ───────────────► Production Schedule Without design integration, this information must be manually transferred—creating delays, errors, and disconnection between design intent and manufacturing execution. BIM Integration for Construction Elements For offsite construction and prefabrication, BIM (Building Information Modelling) is the design source: Model-to-production data flow: Element geometry exported from BIM models Material specifications derived from model properties Connection details extracted for fabrication Quantities generated from model takeoff Sequence information for production scheduling Fabrication-to-model feedback: Fabrication status updated in model As-built dimensions recorded Deviations documented Installation readiness communicated Coordination through common data: Design changes propagate to production Fabrication constraints inform design Clash detection spans design and fabrication Installation sequencing coordinates with site model BIM integration enables project-based manufacturers to receive work directly from design models, eliminating manual interpretation and ensuring fabrication matches design intent. Naval Architecture Integration for Marine Fabrication For shipyard shop fabrication, naval architecture and marine design systems provide design data: Hull and structural design: Plate and profile definitions from structural model Nesting data for cutting optimisation Assembly sequences from block definition Weight and centre of gravity data Outfitting design: Pipe isometrics from 3D piping model Electrical schematics and cable schedules HVAC layouts and ductwork definitions Equipment specifications and mounting details Production integration: Cutting machine interface from nesting Welding requirements from structural model Material requirements from design BOM Assembly sequences from production model Naval architecture integration enables shipyards to flow design data directly to shop fabrication, coordinating across hull construction, pipe shop, electrical shop, and outfitting. Process Design Integration for Equipment For process equipment fabrication, process engineering and mechanical design systems provide specifications: Process requirements: Vessel specifications (pressure, temperature, materials) Heat exchanger duties and configurations Piping specifications and isometrics Instrumentation requirements Mechanical design: Detailed drawings and dimensions Material specifications and grades Fabrication tolerances Test requirements Code compliance: Design calculations for code compliance Material certifications requirements Inspection and test plans Documentation requirements Process design integration ensures fabricated equipment meets process requirements with full code compliance. Structural and Reinforcement Design Integration For steel and precast fabrication, structural design systems provide production data: Structural steel: Member definitions from structural model Connection details and shop drawings Erection sequences and piece marks Material specifications and grades Reinforcement: Bar schedules from structural model Bending details and shapes Placement locations and sequences Material grades and specifications Precast concrete: Element geometry from design model Reinforcement layouts Embed and insert locations Finish and hardware specifications Design integration enables steel and precast fabricators to receive production data directly from structural models. Integration Architecture Effective design integration requires: Bi-directional data flow: Design to manufacturing: specifications, BOMs, sequences Manufacturing to design: status, as-built, deviations Change management: Design changes propagate to production Impact assessment before change acceptance Version control across systems Common element identification: Consistent naming between design and manufacturing Unique element identifiers maintained throughout lifecycle Traceability from design through installation Status synchronisation: Fabrication status visible in design environment Installation readiness communicated to site Project-wide visibility across design and production How It Works Conceptually Project-based manufacturing ERP operates through integrated functions designed for the element lifecycle—from design receipt through installation support. Project and Contract Management Project-based manufacturing ERP establishes project context: Contract registration captures project terms: Scope of supply (elements, quantities, specifications) Delivery schedule and milestones Commercial terms (unit rates, lump sum, cost-plus) Quality and documentation requirements Variation and change procedures Project setup creates the control framework: Project code linking all elements and activities Budget from estimate or contract allocation WBS for work organisation Cost codes for classification Milestone definitions for delivery and billing Design receipt accepts specifications from design systems: Element definitions imported from design BOMs generated or received Production requirements established Delivery sequences defined Engineering and Technical Management Project-based manufacturing ERP manages technical information: Drawing and specification control: Drawing receipt and version management Specification interpretation and clarification Technical query management Design change processing BOM development creates manufacturing bills: Material requirements by element Multi-level assembly structures Make versus buy decisions BOM release for production and procurement Engineering change management: Change identification and impact assessment Approval workflow across design and production Propagation to open orders and procurement Documentation update Shop drawing and fabrication detail: Detail development from design documents Approval workflow with design authority Release to production As-built documentation Material Management Project-based manufacturing ERP controls project-specific materials: Material planning generates project-specific requirements: Requirements from BOMs by project and element Material consolidation across elements (where specifications permit) Long-lead identification Material availability analysis Procurement manages acquisition with project traceability: Requisitions linked to projects and elements Specifications and certifications required Purchase orders with project allocation Expediting for critical materials Receipt inspection with certification verification Material traceability maintains project linkage: Material certification linked to projects Heat/lot traceability through fabrication Test certificates by material and project Compliance documentation Project-allocated inventory manages materials: Materials allocated to specific projects Common materials with project consumption Material issue against production orders Remnant and return management with project tracking Production Planning and Scheduling Project-based manufacturing ERP coordinates production across projects: Capacity planning balances load against capacity: Production load from project requirements Capacity by workcentre and shift Multi-project load aggregation Constraint identification and resolution Project-driven scheduling sequences for delivery: Milestone-driven scheduling backward from delivery Element sequencing for site installation order Dependency management across elements Critical path identification Multi-project optimisation coordinates across the portfolio: Priority management by project and milestone Resource allocation across projects Facility scheduling for shared equipment Load balancing to maximise throughput Design status integration: Production scheduling against design release Automatic rescheduling when design delayed Visibility into design completion by element Coordination with design authority on priorities Shop Floor Execution Project-based manufacturing ERP manages production with project traceability: Work order management controls production: Work orders linked to projects and elements Material availability verification Drawing and specification availability Tooling and fixture assignment Production tracking captures execution: Operation completion by element Labour time by work order and project Material consumption with traceability Production status by element and project Quality management ensures conformance with documentation: Inspection requirements by element Hold points and witness points Test procedures and results Non-conformance with project impact assessment Traceability documentation complete per element Element identification maintains lifecycle traceability: Unique element marking QR/barcode linking to project and specification Production history associated with element ID Documentation package per element Cost Control and Project Management Project-based manufacturing ERP provides project-centric cost control: Cost accumulation by project and element: Material costs with project allocation Labour costs from time tracking Overhead allocation by project Subcontract and outside processing Budget-to-actual comparison: Element and project variances Material variances (price, usage) Labour variances (rate, efficiency) Productivity analysis Forecasting projects completion cost: Estimate to complete by project Estimate at completion versus contract Margin projection by project Portfolio forecast Waste analysis connects to project impact: Scrap and rework by project Root cause analysis Project margin impact Improvement initiatives Delivery and Installation Support Project-based manufacturing ERP manages delivery and site coordination: Shipping coordination: Delivery scheduling to match site requirements Load planning for transport efficiency Shipping documentation with element identification Delivery confirmation and site receipt Installation sequencing: Delivery in erection sequence, not production sequence Marshalling and staging coordination Site installation support Installation status feedback Site coordination: Communication with site teams Installation issue resolution Field modification management As-installed documentation Punch-list and completion: Deficiency identification Rework coordination Completion documentation Warranty initiation Commercial and Financial Management Project-based manufacturing ERP manages contract commercial: Progress billing handles project-based payment: Milestone achievement tracking Progress measurement by elements Application preparation Retention management Variation management: Scope change identification Impact assessment (cost, schedule) Client approval workflow Budget and forecast update Revenue recognition: Percentage of completion calculation IFRS 15 / ASC 606 compliance Contract asset and liability tracking Margin recognition Project accounting: Work in progress by project Cost of sales recognition Project profitability analysis Portfolio financial performance Why Generic Approaches Fail Generic ERPs fail in project-based manufacturing because they cannot accommodate the dual requirements of project control and manufacturing efficiency with element-level traceability. Manufacturing ERP lacks project consciousness. Generic manufacturing ERPs treat production orders as generic work: No project linkage: Orders produce products, not project elements No delivery coordination: Scheduling optimises throughput, not project milestones No project costing: Costs accumulate by product, not by project No element traceability: Documentation is by batch, not by element No design integration: BOMs are internal, not from project design systems Manufacturing ERP cannot provide the project awareness that project-based manufacturing requires. Construction ERP lacks production capability. Generic construction ERPs cannot manage factory operations: No production planning: No capacity planning or production scheduling No shop floor control: No work order management or operation tracking No manufacturing BOM: No multi-level structure for production No production costing: No operation-level cost accumulation No quality integration: No production inspection routing Construction ERP cannot provide the production management that manufacturing requires. Standard costing produces meaningless results. Generic manufacturing ERP uses standard costing—predetermined costs for products with variance analysis measuring efficiency. In project-based manufacturing: Each element has unique specifications and costs Project budgets are the baseline, not standard costs Variances must analyse against project estimates Margin analysis is by project, not by product Standard costing cannot support project-based margin management. No design system integration architecture. Generic ERPs are designed for internal BOMs and specifications: No BIM integration capability No naval architecture system interface No process design integration No structural model connection Without design integration, project-based manufacturers cannot receive work from design systems or maintain design-fabrication coordination. Element traceability is absent. Generic systems track batches and lots for products. Project-based manufacturing requires element-level traceability: Each element identified throughout lifecycle Quality documentation per element Installation location known per element As-built records per element Batch-level tracking cannot provide element-level project traceability. Waste Reduction and Production Control Project-based manufacturing demands tight production control because waste has direct project consequences. The Waste-Project Connection In project-based manufacturing, waste affects specific projects: Waste Type Classic Manufacturing Impact Project-Based Manufacturing Impact Material scrap Unit cost increase Project cost increase + potential delay Rework Production inefficiency Project schedule slip + margin erosion Overproduction Inventory cost Not applicable (production is project-specific) Defects requiring replacement Replacement cost Replacement cost + project delay + downstream impact Late delivery Customer service issue Contractual penalty + site productivity loss + claims Waste Reduction Through System Capability Project-based manufacturing ERP supports waste reduction: Design-production integration: Direct data flow eliminates interpretation errors Model validation before production Clash detection before fabrication Design coordination reduces rework Material optimisation: Nesting optimisation for plate and sheet Bar cutting optimisation for reinforcement Material consolidation across elements (where permitted) Remnant management for reuse Quality at source: Inspection points in production flow Early defect detection Root cause analysis Prevention of downstream waste Production scheduling precision: Elements produced when needed Sequencing for installation order Minimal handling and storage Coordination with site readiness On-Time Delivery Focus Project-based manufacturing success requires delivery precision: Milestone-driven scheduling: Production scheduled backward from delivery requirements Buffer management for critical elements Acceleration capability when required Delay early warning Site coordination: Visibility into site installation sequence Communication of production status Adjustment for site schedule changes Coordination of delivery logistics Performance measurement: On-time delivery by element and project Root cause analysis for delays Improvement initiatives Customer/project feedback integration Where it Applies Offsite Construction Providers. Project-based manufacturing ERP for contractors and specialists operating fabrication facilities—with emphasis on BIM integration, site coordination, and construction project control. Structural Steel Fabricators. Project-based manufacturing ERP for steel fabricators—with emphasis on structural design integration, connection management, and erection sequence coordination. Shipyard Shop Operations. Project-based manufacturing ERP for yard shops producing hull blocks, pipe spools, electrical assemblies, and outfitting components—with emphasis on naval architecture integration and vessel production coordination. Steel Service Centres. Project-based manufacturing ERP for steel producers serving project markets—with emphasis on specification management, material traceability, and project delivery coordination. Precast Concrete Producers. Project-based manufacturing ERP for precast manufacturers—with emphasis on structural design integration, production scheduling, and project delivery. MEP Fabricators. Project-based manufacturing ERP for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing prefabricators—with emphasis on building design integration and installation coordination. Process Equipment Fabricators. Project-based manufacturing ERP for pressure vessel and equipment manufacturers—with emphasis on process design integration, code compliance, and project delivery. Modular Construction Companies. Project-based manufacturing ERP for modular builders—with emphasis on factory-site integration, logistics coordination, and installation management. Evaluating Project-Based Manufacturing ERP Organisations evaluating project-based manufacturing ERP should assess capability across project control, production management, and design integration dimensions. Design Integration Capability Capability Essential Features BIM integration Model import, element extraction, status feedback Naval architecture integration Hull structure, outfitting systems, production model Structural design integration Member definition, connections, erection sequence Process design integration Equipment specifications, piping isometrics Bi-directional data flow Design to production and status back to design Change management Design change propagation, impact assessment Project Control Capability Capability Essential Features Contract management Terms, milestones, variations, claims Project budgeting By project, WBS, cost code, element Cost control Committed, actual, forecast by project Element traceability Lifecycle tracking from design to installation Progress billing Milestones, applications, certification Margin management Project margin, forecast at completion Production Capability Capability Essential Features Production planning Multi-project capacity planning Project-driven scheduling Milestone-driven, delivery sequence Shop floor control Work orders, progress, quality by element Labour tracking Time by element and project Quality management Element-level inspection, traceability documentation Waste tracking Scrap, rework with project impact Material Management Capability Capability Essential Features Project-linked procurement Requisitions and POs with project allocation Material traceability Certification, heat/lot by project element Project-allocated inventory Materials allocated to specific projects Nesting and optimisation Material utilisation optimisation Delivery and Site Coordination Capability Essential Features Delivery scheduling Site-coordinated delivery timing Erection sequence Delivery in installation order Site communication Status visibility for site teams Installation support Issue resolution, as-installed documentation Common Misconceptions Misconception: Project-based manufacturing is just manufacturing with project codes. Reality: Project-based manufacturing fundamentally differs from classic manufacturing in how work is defined (by project design, not product specification), scheduled (by project milestones, not inventory targets), costed (by project, not by product), and delivered (to project sequence, not to stock). Project coding on top of manufacturing ERP cannot create these capabilities. Misconception: Offsite construction is just construction that happens indoors. Reality: Offsite construction combines manufacturing efficiency (factory environment, repeatable processes, production optimisation) with construction project control (project budgets, contractual delivery, site coordination). It requires systems that bridge both disciplines—neither pure construction ERP nor pure manufacturing ERP suffices. Misconception: Shipyard shop fabrication can use standard manufacturing ERP. Reality: Shipyard shops produce elements for specific vessels, specific zones, and specific installation stages. Production must coordinate across shops (steel, pipe, electrical) and with vessel assembly sequences. This project coordination exceeds standard manufacturing ERP capability. Misconception: Design integration is a nice-to-have feature. Reality: Design integration is fundamental to project-based manufacturing. Without it, specifications must be manually interpreted, BOMs manually created, changes manually propagated, and status manually communicated. This manual effort creates errors, delays, and coordination failures. Design integration is not optional—it is essential. Misconception: Element-level traceability is only required for critical applications. Reality: Element-level traceability serves multiple purposes: quality documentation, installation coordination, warranty tracking, and asset management. Even for non-critical elements, knowing what was installed where—and having documentation to prove it—is valuable throughout the asset lifecycle. Misconception: Project-based manufacturers can use separate systems for project control and production. Reality: Separate systems create the integration challenges that undermine project-based manufacturing: production data that does not feed project costs, project schedules that do not drive production, and element status that does not flow between systems. Integration is the core requirement; separate systems defeat it. Related Topics What Is an Industry-Specific ERP? — The category to which project-based manufacturing ERP belongs. What Is Construction ERP? — ERP for site-based construction that project-based manufacturing supports. What Is Shipbuilding ERP? — ERP for vessel construction including shop fabrication. What Is Project-Centric ERP Architecture? — The architectural approach enabling project-manufacturing integration. What Is a Project-Based Business? — The economic model underlying project-based manufacturing. What Is a Bill of Quantities (BoQ)? — Scope definition linked to manufactured element delivery. What Is the BoQ-WBS-Cost Code Relationship? — Integration architecture applicable to project-based manufacturing. RELATED ASSETS Related Industries Construction Project-based Manufacturing Marine and Offshore Construction Mining and Quarrying Shipbuilding and Repairs RELATED ASSETS Related Stakeholders Owner/Developer E&P Owners Mine & Quarry Owner Consultants General Contractors Marine Contractor Shipbuilders Mining Contractor RELATED ASSETS Related Roles C-level Executives Project Manager Bidding Manager Cost Estimator Cost Controller Go to Previous Topic Previous Topic Return to What is? Go to Hub Go to Next Topic Next Topic